In the wake of the Russian Empire’s humiliating defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), the Gangut-class was presented as the answer to many of Russia’s naval problems. In that war with the Empire ...

Building a Virginia-class submarine begins with a detailed design and planning phase, often years before physical work on assembling the submarine begins. Such a program emphasizes integrated product ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Britain changed from a mainly agricultural society into a society based on larger scale manufacturing in mills and factories. We call this industrialisation. This was ...