Biodiversity increases the ability of ecosystems to provide multiple functions. Most studies report a positive relationship between species richness and the number of ecosystem functions. However, it ...

Oligosaccharides are constructed from carbohydrate monomer units which contain multiple hydroxyl groups, along with amino and carboxyl groups. Protecting groups play a vital role in oligosaccharide ...

1. Three main directions of adaptive specialization are evident in the world flora, reflecting fundamental trade-offs between economics (conservative vs. acquisitive investment of resources) and size.

CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive immune systems found in prokaryotes that defend against invading nucleic acids through CRISPR ...