Medically reviewed by Christopher Lee, MD Leg cramps can be an early symptom of congestive heart failure due to decreased blood flow.Managing congestive heart failure with the prescribed treatment ...

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy may be effective for intermittent lower limb claudication in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients unable to engage in supervised exercise or who experienced little ...

• Intermittent Claudication: Characterized by pain, cramping, or heaviness in the legs or buttocks during physical activities ...

Blood flow in the legs requires two essential factors, which are arterial flow and venous flow. Arterial flow involves the arteries carrying oxygenated blood to the legs from the heart, while veins ...

Individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis are generally older and have a long history of intermittent low back pain. Leg pain, which can be unilateral or bilateral, is a more recent complaint. In ...

Lumbar spinal stenosis is most often caused by degenerative disease of the lumbar vertebrae and their associated joints. Neurogenic claudication can then result from compression of spinal nerves by ...

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a type of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). PVD involves various blood vessels outside the brain and heart. PAD refers to narrowed or blocked blood vessels that ...