Electronic circuit designs often require power sources with negative output voltages. There are many different ways of producing a negative output voltage from a positive input voltage. One option is ...

Figure 1’s negative constant current source has been a textbook application for the LM337 regulator forever (or thereabouts). It precisely maintains a constant output current (Iout) by forcing the ...

Some applications require a positive voltage to be generated from a negative input voltage. This can be done either by using a transformer based topology, such as a flyback converter, or with a ...

Switching dc-dc power supplies are prolific in today's consumer electronics. Most applications use an input source that provides a positive dc voltage referenced to system ground. These sources often ...