Load-based testing for heat pumps is an emerging experimental methodology designed to capture realistic, dynamic equipment performance by allowing the system to operate under its native ...

Researchers at Fraunhofer ISE have tested various types of heat pumps in existing buildings across Germany over four years, finding that the systems achieved seasonal performance factors between 2.6 ...

Optimizing the scheduling of integrated electric-heat systems (IEHS) is complex due to fluctuating user-side loads and their associated uncertainties. To address this, this paper proposes an ...

Climate change and its negative effects are driving the global shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. To tackle the dependency on traditional energy sources in harsh winter regions and ...