In the investment world, it’s common to discuss average rates of return. It’s not sufficient, however, to simply add up historical returns and divide by how many there are. The proper way to calculate ...

In many modern sciences, data often exist on curved geometric spaces rather than flat planes, posing challenges for traditional statistical tools. These curved spaces are called Riemannian manifolds.

The simplest way to find the average (mean) of a set of numbers is to use the AVERAGE function. This calculation gives you the arithmetic mean, which sums up all the numbers and divides the result by ...