From plant stems to bacterial shells, cell walls are far more than rigid barriers—they’re living, adapting structures. Scientists are uncovering how they maintain shape, remodel themselves, and even ...

Plant cells are surrounded by an intricately structured protective coat called the cell wall. It’s built of cellulose microfibrils intertwined with polysaccharides like hemicellulose or pectin. We ...

Researchers have discovered how acids on the surface of bacteria give these microscopic organisms their characteristic "rod" ...